
For centuries, popular culture has romanticized the idea that creative genius arises from mental instability and the use of hallucinogenic substances. In the book “Perigo de estar lucida”, published in 2023, Rosa Montero, one of the main voices in contemporary Spanish literature, studies the link between creative talent and “a certain extravagance” or “being a little weirder”. Throughout the book, she describes the creative act of several writers, including her own, highlighting the idiosyncrasies, oddities, and even emotional imbalances associated with childhood trauma.
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For Rosa, creative capacity manifests itself naturally, but also in certain pathological states such as psychosis or under the influence of hallucinogenic drugs. She gives us several historical examples: Nietzsche was addicted to chloral, a chloroform-based sedative; Baudelaire and Balzac, in hashish; Flaubert and Rimbaud consumed opium; Jean-Paul Sartre experimented with mescaline and spent years seeing shellfish that haunted him; Aldous Huxley was fascinated by LSD; Scott Fitzgerald, along with alcohol, considered the drink of writers, so much so that, of the nine American winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature, five were alcoholics. Besides the drugs, the absolute isolation was another striking element. Poet Emily Dickinson spent the last decade of her life locked in her room, speaking to visitors only through the door or through a crack.
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In a recent scientific article titled “Harnessing psychedelic neuroscience to boost human creativity through artificial intelligence” – neuroscientist Brian M. Ross, of the Northern Ontario School of Medicine in Canada, draws a surprising parallel. It suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) can impact human creativity in a similar way to the action of psychedelics such as LSD, without the collateral damage of chemicals.
Much like psychedelics, AI has the ability to “break” rigid, ingrained mental patterns and stimulate unprecedented connections. Ross’s study identifies three mechanisms by which AI can enhance creativity. 1) Latent inhibition: ability of the brain to filter stimuli deemed irrelevant to avoid sensory overload. AI can address this through unfiltered information, generating content that disrupts habitual thought patterns and introducing new associations. 2) Divergent thinking: ability to generate multiple, varied and original ideas. AI can improve it by detecting patterns that human attention might miss. 3) Implicit learning: absorption of patterns and structures unconsciously, through experience. AI can gradually introduce new models to improve creativity through reinforcement learning and personalized content curation.
Of course, AI is not a perfect solution. Its risks are still far from being understood or mitigated, among others, the potential technological dependence, the impact on our capacity for attention, decision-making and imagination, effects studied by the White Rabbit Group with the support of Fundação Itaú (“Cognitive sovereignty in the age of AI”). Additionally, as AI works based on extracting patterns from existing data, the tendency is towards homogenization of responses, eliminating each author’s personal style and neglecting true innovation (or creativity).
However, compared to the concrete dangers of chemical abuse – from deteriorating health to death by overdose to the gradual destruction of social relationships – the risks of AI may be more “easily” manageable. It is possible to regulate AI, ethically debate its limits and develop instruments that preserve the human lead role. With the aforementioned assumptions, we may be faced with an opportunity to stimulate the mind without necessarily destroying it.
*Dora Kaufman, professor at PUC-SP and columnist for Época Negócios, is the author of the book “Desmistifying artificial intelligence”