Known to be one of the most common urological tumors, bladder cancer occurs when there is a disordered growth of cells in the lining of the organ responsible for storing urine. This disease mainly affects men, especially after age 65, but it can also occur in women.
The main risk factor associated with the disease is smoking – present in around half of diagnosed cases. Occupational exposure to chemical substances (dyes, solvents and petroleum derivatives) are also considered aggravating factors; chronic urinary infections or repeated bladder irritation; prolonged use of certain medications; family history and genetic predisposition.
As a rule, the disease presents symptoms early in its development, the main one being blood stains in urine. However, as they are similar to urinary tract infections, especially in women, diagnosis may be delayed and, therefore, treatment may be delayed.
“Although it often presents early signs, its diagnosis can still take time due to symptoms that many patients underestimate. Identifying warning signs and knowing risk factors is essential to increase the chances of recovery,” explains oncologist Márcio Almeida, member of the Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology (SBOC).
Main symptoms of bladder cancer
- Hematuria (blood in the urine): may be visible to the naked eye or detected during tests.
- Increased urinary frequency.
- Pain or burning when urinating.
- Urgent urination (sudden need to urinate).
- Pelvic pain, especially in more advanced cases.
According to urologist Rafael Buta, when detected early, the chances of recovery are high because the tumor has not affected the deeper layers of the bladder. The risk of delaying diagnosis is progression of the disease.
“Types of cancer that penetrate deep into the bladder, reaching the muscular layer, require chemotherapy and surgery to remove the bladder to increase the chances of recovery,” emphasizes the specialist from Clínica Veridium and member of the Brazilian Society of Urology and the American Urological Association.
How to avoid the condition
The main way to fight bladder cancer is to stop smoking, an important risk reduction factor. People who work in environments exposed to chemicals should use protective equipment. Staying hydrated and getting tested when you notice strange signs are also effective measures.
“People over 50, especially those who smoke or have smoked, should be more vigilant. Any urine test revealing bleeding, no matter how small, is a warning sign and requires careful investigation,” advises Buta.
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