the health prostate It occupies a central place when talking about it aging A healthy male. In a podcast interview Aging forward to Mayo Clinicdoctor. Derek LomasA urologist based in Rochester, Minnesota, he analyzes the key risks, prevention measures, diagnostic strategies and cutting-edge treatments related to the prostate, providing clear information and practical recommendations for men of all ages.
“The prostate is a small gland the size of a walnut. It is exclusive to men and its function is essential in reproduction.”Lomas explained at first. The prostate is located below the bladder and produces part of the semen, which contributes to sperm transport. However, this location makes it an organ that can affect the function of the urinary tract, especially with age.
Over the years, the prostate usually increases in size, although the speed of this growth is variable. “The main risk factor is age. The longer you live, the more time it takes for your prostate to grow.”The specialist noted Mayo Clinic. This increase can lead to symptoms such as weak urine flow, increased urinary frequency and urgency, and the need to get up at night, which is called nocturia.
“Waking up during the night is especially frustrating. The causes can be varied; the prostate does not explain everything. Drinking fluids before bed or sleep apnea can also play a role.”Lomas explained.
The urologist has identified three main disorders associated with the prostate: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, and prostate cancer. He added: “Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a non-cancerous growth, which is very common as men age. Prostatitis usually arises from infection or inflammation, causing discomfort. Prostate cancer, one of the most common tumors in men, increases the risk of developing it with age.”
Lomas highlighted that among the main risk factors Age, family history and genetics. He said: “If a father, brother or uncle had prostate cancer, the risk increases. Certain genes, such as BRCA, are also involved. African Americans are at higher risk, so in these cases screening can start earlier.” Additionally, exposure to pesticides and industrial products, such as Agent Orange, has been reported to be associated with greater risks.
Diet and lifestyle have a huge impact. “Evidence suggests that a Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits and vegetables and low in red meat, can benefit prostate health. At a recent conference, it was reported that men with low-grade prostate cancer who followed a healthy diet showed less progression of the disease.”Lomas shared. Although exercise does not directly modify the development of prostate cancer, the urologist stated that “the heart comes first; if the blood does not reach the prostate, the prostate loses its importance.”
Regarding diagnosis, Lomas explained that the basic test is PSA (prostate specific antigen)It is a useful blood test for screening, although it is non-specific. He explained, “High PSA is not synonymous with cancer. Inflammation or benign growths can also increase it. If the PSA is high, it is recommended to repeat the test after a few weeks.” Rectal examination, although useful, has lost its importance and is considered an option. “If this makes inspection difficult, only PSA testing can be performed,” he added.
The diagnostic process may include biomarkers in the blood and urine, MRI, and, in selected cases, a biopsy. “MRI of the prostate is effective in ruling out cancer. If the result is negative, the probability of a clinically relevant tumor is reduced, thus avoiding a biopsy.”The urologist explained Mayo Clinic. When a biopsy is needed, the transperineal technique, which passes through the skin behind the scrotum, reduces the risk of serious infections compared to the traditional transrectal route.
Regarding the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, Lomas pointed out that intervention is not always necessary. “The presence of prostate enlargement does not mean taking medications or resorting to surgery. If the symptoms are mild, they are monitored and followed up.” He said. Only when symptoms affect quality of life or complications occur, medications such as alpha blockers, which relax the muscles of the prostate and bladder, or surgical procedures are used.
Among the surgical alternatives is the most prominent specialist aquablationa minimally invasive technique that uses an image-guided jet of pressurized water to remove excess prostate tissue. “Acuaplation facilitates rapid recovery, reduces cases of urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction, and maintains ejaculatory function. It is suitable for prostates of all sizes.”Description of Lomas. This innovation is accompanied by other innovations such as steam ablation and robotic prostatectomy.
Regarding prostate cancer, the urologist emphasized that the majority of tumors are localized, which improves the prognosis. “Primary prostate cancer is usually asymptomatic. That’s why screening is key. In low-risk tumors, we often apply active surveillance, to avoid side effects of unnecessary treatments.”He explained. Active surveillance combines regular PSA checks, imaging studies, and, in some cases, follow-up biopsies.
If treatment is required, options include radical prostatectomy — currently using a minimally invasive approach and robotic assistance — and radiation therapy, which has evolved toward more precise and safer techniques. “Men who are afraid of treatment because of negative stories should know that procedures have evolved and improved greatly.”Lomas confirmed. For side effects like urinary incontinence or impotence, there are solutions, from pelvic floor exercises to devices and medications.
Interview with Mayo Clinic New features are also included in Focal treatmentsWhich allows treatment of only the part of the prostate affected by cancer, while preserving the rest of the organ. “Focal therapy uses techniques such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or irreversible electroporation, which destroys the tumor without damaging nearby healthy tissue. Not all patients are candidates and it is still considered experimental, but it offers a faster recovery and a lower incidence of side effects.”Lomas explained.
around Over-the-counter nutritional supplementsThe urologist was cautious: “They may provide mild relief, but the evidence is limited and studies are inconclusive. It is essential to get them from reliable sources and consult your doctor before using them, as they can interact with other medications.”
For young people, encourage the specialist Healthy habits: “Actions that promote overall health also benefit the prostate: good nutrition, regular physical activity, not smoking and managing stress. There are even studies linking frequent sexual activity to a lower risk of prostate cancer.”
Despite the progress achieved, obstacles to timely medical consultation remain. “Many men feel ashamed or think they don’t have time to go to the doctor,” Lomas said. “If symptoms are affecting daily life, it’s time to seek help. It’s more common than you think.” doctor. Christina Chengeriatrician Mayo ClinicHe added that early care can improve quality of life, and prevent urinary tract problems from limiting routine.
In the last part, Dr. spoke. Danny Sanchez Pelliceralso from Mayo ClinicHe highlighted the benefits of prevention and early diagnosis in older adults: “I see lower hospitalization rates, lower health care costs, and increased opportunities for cure by detecting cancer in a timely manner. In many cases we achieve complete remission through early interventions.”
The ultimate goal, according to specialists Mayo ClinicIt lies not only in prolonging life, but in… Each stage is enjoyed fully and luxuriously, making the most of the opportunities for healthy aging.